Pemboran Horizontal MIGAS Lengkap

<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>Pemboran horizontal (horizontal drilling) </b></span><span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">merupakan ilmu pengetahuan terapan dari Teknik Perminyakan yaitu suatu pengetahuan  tentang teknik pengeboran dalam membengkokkan arah lubang sumur dari kedalaman  vertikal kearah horizontal pada jarak dan arah tertentu untuk mencapai suatu formasi yang dituju. Kalau dilihat secara sederhana pengeboran sebuah sumur seolah-olah sangat mudah dilakukan sampai menembus suatu lapisan formasi yang mengandung Migas (minyak an gas), tetapi pada pengeboran horizontal dilakukan dengan peralatan yang canggih dan rumit. Keberhasilan dalam menggunakan semua peralatan tersebut didapat melalui studi dan pengalaman. </span><span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Dengan semakin berkembangnya teknologi sumur horizontal ini, menyebabkan orang semakin tertarik untuk melakukan pemboran sumur horizontal karena sumur horizontal memberikan produktivitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan sumur vertikal.</span></span><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibxFwOp_5u7PoV0JrivRJxmkaSNxH0U1Fd1D99ZUP__iT1kSgeL-WY-U9nZb282m6nENPuiWHcJcn3YaGmy8qOTsHxRBxXR57UFF5vd7Dj859KlZWryCt1sgz_XFBMY1ygedwPecf5xpWp/s1600/Pemboran+Horizontal.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibxFwOp_5u7PoV0JrivRJxmkaSNxH0U1Fd1D99ZUP__iT1kSgeL-WY-U9nZb282m6nENPuiWHcJcn3YaGmy8qOTsHxRBxXR57UFF5vd7Dj859KlZWryCt1sgz_XFBMY1ygedwPecf5xpWp/s320/Pemboran+Horizontal.JPG" width="320" /></a></div> <span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="border: 0px; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">       Pengeboran horizontal pada umumnya dilakukan berdasarkan beberapa pertimbangan antara lain adalah mengurangi terjadinya water coning dengan interval yang terbaik dari suatu lapisan minyak tertentu. Pemboran horizontal sering juga dilakukan pada lapisan minyak yang tipis (thin reservoir), permeabilitas rendah, banyak memiliki rekahan vertikal. Juga pada formasi minyak yang terdapat dibawah suatu kota, dibawah daerah terlarang atau yang dilindungi. Teknik pemboran ini juga dapat dilakukan untuk memproduksi formasi dibawah laut yang tidak jauh dari pantai.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="border: 0px; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">       Dengan adanya pemboran horizontal dapat mengoptimalkan perolehan minyak bumi, sehingga area pengurasan pada zona produktif dapat diperluas. Sudut kemiringan atau inklinasi pemboran horizontal dapat mencapai 90</span><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">°</span><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> terhadap posisi vertikal dan menuju kedalam formasi produktif secara horizontal mengikuti bidang penyebaran dari batuan reservoir yang bertujuan untuk:</span></span></div> <br /> <ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>Meningkatkan laju produksi dan tingkat rekoveri.</b></span></li> </ul> <ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>Mengurangi jumlah sumur pengembangan.</b></span></li> </ul> <ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Long Radius</span></span></span></li> </ul> <ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Medium Radius</span></span></span></li> </ul> <ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Short Radius</span></span></span></li> </ul> <ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ultrashort – Radius</span></span></span></li> </ul> <span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Secara konvensional sumur dibor berbentuk lurus mendekati arah vertikal. <span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Directional drilling</em></span>(pemboran berarah) adalah pemboran sumur dimana lubang sumur tidak lurus vertikal, melainkan terarah untuk mencapai target yang diinginkan.</span><br /><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tujuannya dapat bermacam-macam:</span></span><br /> <ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sidetracking</em></span>: jika ada rintangan di depan lubang sumur yang akan dibor, maka lubang sumur dapat dielakan atau dibelokan untuk menghindari rintangan tersebut.</span></li> </ul> <ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Jikalau reservoir yang diinginkan terletak tepat di bawah suatu daerah yang tidak mungkin dilakukan pemboran, misalnya kota, pemukiman penduduk, suaka alam atau suatu tempat yang lingkungannya sangat sensitif. Sumur dapat mulai digali dari tempat lain dan diarahkan menuju reservoir yang bersangkutan.</span></li> </ul> <ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Untuk menghindari <span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">salt-dome</em></span> (formasi garam yang secara kontinyu terus bergerak) yang dapat merusak lubang sumur. Sering hidrokarbon ditemui dibawah atau di sekitar <span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">salt-dome</em></span>. Pemboran berarah dilakukan untuk dapat mencapai reservoir tersebut dan menghindari salt-dome.</span></li> </ul> <ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Untuk menghindari <span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">fault</em></span> (patahan geologis).</span></li> </ul> <ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Untuk membuat cabang beberapa sumur dari satu lubung sumur saja di permukaan.</span></li> </ul> <ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Untuk mengakses reservoir yang terletak di bawah laut tetapi rignya terletak didarat sehingga dapat lebih murah.</span></li> </ul> <ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Umumnya di <span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">offshore</em></span>, beberapa sumur dapat dibor dari satu platform yang sama sehingga lebih mudah, cepat dan lebih murah.</span></li> </ul> <ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Untuk <span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">relief well</em></span> ke sumur yang sedang tak terkontrol (<span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">blow-out</em></span>).</span></li> </ul> <ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Untuk membuat sumur horizontal dengan tujuan menaikkan produksi hidrokarbon.</span></li> </ul> <ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Extended reach</em></span>: sumur yg mempunyai bagian horizontal yang panjangnya lebih dari 5000m.</span></li> </ul> <ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Sumur <span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">multilateral</em></span>: satu lubang sumur di permukaan tetapi mempunyai beberapa cabang secara lateral di bawah, untuk dapat mengakses beberapa formasi hidrokarbon yang terpisah.</span></li> </ul> <br /> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="border: 0px; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">            Tujuan utama dilakukannya pemboran horizontal adalah untuk mengoptimalkan produktivitas sumur dengan cara memperluas daerah pengurasan suatu sumur.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="border: 0px; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">               </span><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Saat sekarang ini pemboran horizontal dapat diklafikasikan dalam empat (Gambar 2) kategori yang menggunakan build rate yang berbeda dengan sudut inclinasi dapat mencapai 90° terhadap vertikal, yaitu pemboran horizontal dengan menggunkan <span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ultra short radius, short radius, medium radius, dan long radius (konvensional).</em></span></span></span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="border: 0px; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Long radius merupakan sistem yang standar digunakan pada lapangan minyak untuk teknologi pengeboran direktional. Long radius atau konvensional sumur horizontal mempunyai biuld-rate 2° sampai 6°/100 feet (30 m) dan build radiusnya 1000ft-3000ft. Panjang bagian horizontalnya dapat mencapai 1000ft-5000ft.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="border: 0px; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pemboran long radius mempunyai tiga bagian (fase) mulai dari ujung kepala sumur sampai pada bagian bawah .Fase 1 adalah pemboran vertical sampai KOP (Kick of  Point). Fase 2 pemboran berarah dari KOP sampai titik target, dan Fase 3 adalah pemboran yang mempunyai arah horizontal. Penentuan kedalaman total dari tiap-tiap fase disensuaikan dengan kemiringan formasi.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="border: 0px; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Teknik  pengeboran medium radius pada sumur horizontal telah dikembangkan dengan memodifikasi dari pemboran yang konvensional dan menghasilkan build rate antara 6<sup style="border: 0px; font-size: 11.25px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">o</sup> sampai 60°/ 100ft (30m). Teknik medium radius mempunyai jari-jari kelengkungan  antara 125 – 700 feet, dengan panjang horizontal section mencapai 3000 feet (915 m), dan dengan diameter yang sama pada sumur long radius.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="border: 0px; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pada pemboran lateral Short Radius menghasilkan  tingkat pembentukan build rate antara 1,5 sampai 3°/feet. Teknik medium radius mempunyai jari-jari kelengkungan  antara 20ft– 40ft, dengan panjang horizontal section mencapai lebih kecil daari 800ft</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="border: 0px; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Pemboran lateral short radius ini akan membutuhkan peralatan yang sangat spesial untuk mendukung sistem pemboran horizontal ini.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="border: 0px; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">       Kategori yang keempat ini, kadang – kadang terpisah untuk metoda Ultrashort – Radius, mengunakan aksi dari jetting nozzle dari tekanan tinggi pada ujung nozzle di akhir dari arah flexible pipe. Sudut build rate  kemungkin dapat mencapai 90°/feet.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <h3> <span style="border: 0px; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Untuk apa directional drilling dilakukan ?</span></span></span></h3> </div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="border: 0px; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pemboran berarah dapat dikerjakan dengan peralatan membor konvensional, dimana pipa bor diputar dari permukaan untuk memutar mata bor di bawah. Kelemahannya, sudut yang dapat dibentuk sangat terbatas. Pemboran berarah sekarang lebih umum dilakukan dengan memakai motor berpenggerak lumpur (<span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">mud motor</em></span>) yang akan memutar mata bor dan dipasang di ujung pipa pemboran. Seluruh pipa pemboran dari permukaan tidak perlu diputar, pipa pemboran lebih dapat “dilengkungkan” sehingga lubang sumur dapat lebih fleksibel untuk diarahkan</span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span></div>

Pemboran Horizontal MIGAS Lengkap

Pemboran horizontal (horizontal drilling) merupakan ilmu pengetahuan terapan dari Teknik Perminyakan yaitu suatu pengetahuan  tentang tekni...

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Teknik Pemboran MIGAS

<h1 class="post-title entry-title" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #444444; font-family: 'source sans pro', arial, sans-serif; font-size: 38px; font-stretch: inherit; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0in;">Teknik Pemboran Migas Digunakan  untuk eksplorasi suatu area yang diperkirakan mengandung minyak bumi sehingga dilakukan pemboran eksplorasi (wild cat). Tujuan lain dari Pemboran Migas Yaitu keperluan produksi minyak dari reservoir ke permukaan. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0in;">Disini kita akan membahas mengenai Teknik pemboran, ini adalah salahsatu matakuliah di Perguruan tinggi tempat saya kuliah. Baiklah kita mulai dari awalnya:</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br /> <span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0in;"><br /></span> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNxFQFLVrB7Px7FUnSvlK8JbzF0qaiJPzlleRmByo5vioNBIGKk7Ejyj4_52iMhyHuhst6DsahW20TkEx0mcESzvw9f2JIjmnEg5zpL315-7G_DmAfpEla-uD6fk1lTuPjqQiHaMlnwrMr/s1600/Teknik+Pemboran+MIGAS.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Teknik Pemboran MIGAS" border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNxFQFLVrB7Px7FUnSvlK8JbzF0qaiJPzlleRmByo5vioNBIGKk7Ejyj4_52iMhyHuhst6DsahW20TkEx0mcESzvw9f2JIjmnEg5zpL315-7G_DmAfpEla-uD6fk1lTuPjqQiHaMlnwrMr/s400/Teknik+Pemboran+MIGAS.jpg" title="" width="400" /></a></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0in;"><br /></span></div> </div> </h1> <h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <b><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "angsanaupc" , "serif"; font-size: 25.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.55pt; padding: 0in;">TUJUAN DALAM PEMBORAN</span></b></h3> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">Tujuan utama dilkukannya pemboran adalah Sebagai jalan keluar masuknya fluida (dari reservoir ke permukaan, dan dari permukaan ke sumur injeksi).<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">Berguna untuk agar kita dapat mengetahui kondisi/keadaan/kandungan yang ada di bawah tanah :<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">-<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">Isi kandungan batuan<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">-<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">Sifat batuan<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">-<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">Susunan perlapisan batuan<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">-<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">Umur dan sejarah pengendapan batuan.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">PEMBORAN Merupakan salah satu kegiatan yang paling penting dalam industri Perminyakan. Pembuatan lubang yang menghubungkan reservoir hidrokarbon dengan permukaan (Pengeboran). berGuna untuk memproduksikan hidrokarbon dari dasar reservoir ke atas permukaan. Dalam usaha pembuatan lubang tersebut dari permukaan hingga kedalaman target Resevroir secara cepat dan aman, tepat dan aman, baik dari segi operasional maupun safety dan lingkungan.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <br /></div> <h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <b><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "angsanaupc" , "serif"; font-size: 25.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.55pt; padding: 0in;">JENIS – JENIS PEMBORAN</span></b></h3> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">Adadup Jenis-Jenis Pemboran dalam dunia perminyakan saat ini. Berikut Tahapan Pemborang Sumur baik untuk sumur minyak maupun sumur gas yaitu:</span></div> <h4 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <b><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; padding: 0in;">1. PEMBORAN EKSPLORASI</span></b></h4> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">Pemboran eksplorasi adalah pemboran sumur Migas yang dilakukan untuk membuktikan ada tidaknya hidrokarbon didalam suatu Formasi serta<span style="color: #666666;"> </span>untuk mendapatkan data-data bawah permukaan sebanyak mungkin. Langkah-langkah di dalam pemboran eksplorasi adalah sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <b><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0in;">Pembuatan rencana pemboran</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"> : titik koordinat, elevasi, perkiraan lithologi dan tekanan formasi, program lumpur, konstruksi sumur, program coring, analisa cutting, logging dan testing.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <b><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0in;">Persiapan pemboran</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"> : Pembuatan jalan, penghalusan jalan, jembatan, pemilihan menara bor (RIG) dan peralatan yang mendukung lainnya, pemasangan alat pendukung (jaringan telekomunikasi, air, listrik dsb), perhitungan perkiraan Dana pemboran.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <b><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0in;">Pemboran eksplorasi</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"> sekaligus mengumpulkan data-data dan informasi didalam formasi melalui coring dan pemeriksaan cutting pemboran.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <b><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0in;">Test produksi</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"> dengan Drill Stem Test (DST) dan survey lubang bor dengan logging.</span></div> <h4 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <b><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; padding: 0in;">2. PEMBORAN DELINIASI</span></b></h4> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">Pemboran deliniasi adalah pemboran sumur-sumur yang bertujuan untuk mencari Lokasi-lokasi penyebaran migas pada lapisan penghasilnya. Langkah-langkah pada Berikut langkah-angkah pemboran deliniasi :<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">a.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">Pemboran deliniasi (biasanya terdapat 3 atau 4 buah sumur, masing-masing disebelah utara, selatan, timur,  barat dari antiklinnya).<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">b.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">Analisa data yang didapat.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">c.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">Perhitungan perkiraan besarnya cadangan dengan metoda volumetrik.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">d.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">Perencanaan jumlah dan letak sumur pengembangan yang akan dibor untuk mengeksploitasi lapisan       tersebut.</span></div> <h4 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <b><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0in;">3. PEMBORAN PENGEMBANGAN</span></b></h4> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">Pemboran pengembangan adalah pemboran sumur yang akan difungsikan sebagai sumur-sumur produksi. Pada awal pengembangan jarak/spasi sumur masih lebar yang selanjutnya diperkecil sesuai kemampuan pengurasannya. Langkah-langkah di dalam pemboran pengembangan adalah :<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">a. Perencanaan dan persiapan pemboran.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">b. Pemboran sumur-sumur pengembangan.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">c. Penyelesaian sumur-sumur pengembangan.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">d. Perencanaan dan persiapan pemasangan fasilitas produksi.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">e. Kegiatan memproduksikan dan transportasi.</span></div> <h4 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <b><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0in;">4. PEMBORAN SUMUR-SUMUR SISIPAN</span></b></h4> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">Pemboran sumur sisipan (Infill Well) adalah pemboran sumursumur yang letaknya diantara sumur-sumur yang telah ada, dengan tujuan untuk mengambil hidrokarbon dari area yang tidak terambil oleh sumursumur yang sebelumnya telah ada. Fungsi sumur-sumur sisipan ini adalah sebagai projek percepatan pengurasan reservoar.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <b><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 25.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.55pt; padding: 0in;">CARA MELAKUKAN PEMBORAN</span></b></h3> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">Disini akan dijelaskan cara-cara dan komponen apasaja yang dibutuhkan dlam melkukan pemboran di dalam dunia migas.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman, teknik pemboran pun terus berkembang, seperti yang akan saya jelaskan di bawah ini yaitu Cara Pemboran Dari masa ke masa<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">1. <b><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Bor tumbuk (cable tool / percussion drilling).</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">Pemboran ini terjadi karena aksi pukulan pahat besi (bit) yang dinaik-turunkan dengan kabel baja dan memukul-mukul dasar lubang.Ini merupakan cara lama. Hanya mampu mencapai kedalaman 5000 m.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <b><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0in;">2. Bor Putar (rotary drilling)</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">pemboran ini terjadi karena adanya putaran pahat / bit. Bit diikatkan lalu diputar dengan drill string yang terdiri dari drill pipe (pipa bor), drill coller (joint sambungan), dan mata bor selama pemboran berlangsung.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <b><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0in;">3. Turbo Drill</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">Prinsip pemborannya sama dengan bor putar, hanya perbedaannya terletak pada tenaga untuk memutar bitnya. Disini putaran bit didapat oleh turbin bertingkat yang berada di dasar lubang. Dan tenaga turbin di dapat dari fluida pemboran.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <b><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0in;">4. Hammer Drilling</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">    Alat ini merupakan kombinasi antara Rotary dengan Percussion drilling metode.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">Bor Tumbuk (cable tool/percussion drilling).<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></div> <blockquote class="tr_bq" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Untuk Cara Pengeboran diatas biasanya digunakan dengan bantuan sebuah RIG.</span></blockquote> <h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Apakah yang disebut dengan RIG itu?</span></h3> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 19.2pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">RIG merupakan rangkaian peralatan khusus yang digunakan untuk Menopang atau menyangga alat bor sumur.</span></div> <h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Ciri-ciri utama RIG</span></h3> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;"> </div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">Adalah adanya menara atau sering disebut MAST yang terbuat dari baja yang digunakan untuk menaik turunkan pipa turbular atau driiling pipe.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></div> <h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="border: 1pt none; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 25.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.55pt; padding: 0in;">Peralatan Pemboran MIGAS</span></h3> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">Berikut adalah Paket Alat yang umum digunakan dalam pemboran Migas saat ini.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">1. Alat Utama Dan Sistem Tenaga (Power System)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">2. Sistem pengangkat (Hoisting Equipment)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">3. Sistem Pemutar (Rotary)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">4. Sistem Sirkulasi Circulation)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">5. BOP System = Blow Out Preventer (alat pencegah semburan liar )</span></div> <h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="border: 1pt none; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0in;">Alat-alat pemboran dan alat-alat utama</span></h3> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">1. Derrik ( Menara bor ) dan susbtructe<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">2. Prime mover ( mesin penggerak pembangkit tenaga )<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">3. Rangkaian pipa bor ( drill pipe, drill collar, pahat )</span></div> <h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="border: 1pt none; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0in;">Perlatan Utama Dalam Sistem pengangkat (Hoisting Equipment)</span></h3> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">– Hoist ( draw work )<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">– Drilling line ( kabel baja )<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">– Crown block<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">– Traveling block</span></div> <h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="border: 1pt none; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0in;">Perlatan Utama Dalam Sistem Pemutar</span></h3> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">– Rotary table ( meja putar )<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">– Kelly bushing<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">– Cat head</span></div> <h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="border: 1pt none; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0in;">Perlatan Utama Dalam Sistem Sirkulasi</span></h3> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">– Pompa Lumpur<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">– Stand pipe<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">– Selang Lumpur ( mud hose )<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">– Swivel<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">– Talang Lumpur ( mud pit )<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">– Ayakan Lumpur (shale screen )<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">– Tangki Lumpur ( mud tangk )</span></div> <h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="border: 1pt none; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">Sistem</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"> pengangkat (hoisting system)<span style="font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></h3> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">Menyediakan fasilitas untuk mengangkat, manahan dan menurunkan drillstring, casing string dan perlengkapan bawah permukaan lainnya ke dalam ataupun keluar lubang sumur. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-weight: normal;"><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">Terdiri dari <span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">derrick dan substructure, block dan tackl, drawwork.</span></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">Mempunyai fungsi utama mengangkat serpihan cutting dari dasar lubang ke permukaan. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">Peralatah utama : <u>mud pumps, mud pits, mud mixing equipment, dan contaminant removal.</u></span></i></div> <h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="border: 1pt none; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">Sistem pemutar (rotating system)</span></h3> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">     Merupakan peralatan yang digunakan untuk mentransmisikan putaran meja putar (rotary table) ke bit.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">Bagian utama sistem ini : swivel, kelly, rotary drive, rotary table, drillpipe, drill collar.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 19.2pt;">Sistem tenaga (power system)</span></h3> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">Mempunyai fungsi menyediakan daya untuk menggerakkan peralatan yang digunakan. Hampir sebagian besar daya yang tersedia pada rig dikonsumsi oleh hoisting system dan circulating system. Total daya yang umum diperlukan dalam sebuah rig 1000 – 3000 HP. Rig modern sumber penggeraknya biasanya berasal dari internal combustion engine dan secara umum dikelompokkan menjadi diesel-electric type dan direct-drive type.</span></div> <h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="border: 1pt none; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">BOP : Sistem pencegah sembur liar (blowout prevention system)</span></h3> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">Diletakkan tepat di atas permukaan sumur untuk menyediakan tenaga untuk menutup sumur bila terjadi kenaikan tekanan dasar sumur yang tiba-tiba dan berbahaya selama atau sedang dalam opersai pemboran. Jumlah, ukuran dan kekuatan BOP yang digunakan tergantung pada kedalaman sumur yang akan dibor serta antisipasi maksimum terhadap tekanan reservoir yang akan dijumpai. Secara umum terdapat dua tipe BOP, yaitu annulat dan ram type.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">Annular BOP didesain untuk menutup di sekeliling lubang sumur dengan berbagai ukuran dan bentuk </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19.2pt;">peralatan yang sedang diturunkan ke dalam lubang bor, sehingga annular BOP ini dapat menutup annulus di sekitar drillpipe, drillcolar dan casing, juga dapat mengisolasi sumur dalam kondisi openhole.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">Sedangkan ram preventer dapat dibagi menjadi 4 tipe, yaitu pipe ram, variable-bore ram (VBR), blind ram, dan shear ram.</span></div> <h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 15.6pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="border: 1pt none; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">Sistem Sirkulasi Lumpur</span></h3> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 15.6pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="border: 1pt none; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal; padding: 0in;"> Berfungsi untuk mensirkulasikan lumpur yang ada di lubang sumur agar tetap terjaga komposisi yang di butuhkannya. peralatan utamanya antaralain</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15.6pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15.6pt;">:</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 15.6pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15.6pt;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 15.6pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">>Pompa— mud hose— swivel— kelly.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 15.6pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">- Dp—dc.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 15.6pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">- Pahat—annulus.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 15.6pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">- Solid cotrol Equipment.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 15.6pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">- Tangki.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 15.6pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0in;">> Solid control Equipment:</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">          – shale shaker<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">          – desander<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">          – desilter<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;"> </div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">          – degaser</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>

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